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Disease Risk Perceptions, Culture, Body Image, and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Dietary Intake in Young African American Women

James, Chuntiel
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Abstract

African American (AA) women have a higher prevalence of overweight, obesity, and related chronic diseases compared to women of other racial or ethnic groups. Eating a healthy diet is critical to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight and reducing the risk of obesity and its related diseases. There is limited literature on relevant factors that influence dietary intake among young adult AA women. The purpose of this study was to examine perceived risk of cardiometabolic disease, body image, family and culture, and self-efficacy as predictors of intentions to eat a healthy diet and current dietary intake among young adult AA women. A non-experimental, descriptive, correlational design was used. Participants were recruited using paper and electronic flyers distributed at two Universities in Atlanta, Georgia. Data were collected by surveys administered through Qualtrics XM and in person measures of height, weight, and waist circumference. Data were primarily analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Participants (N = 97) ranged in age from 18-30 years (M = 23, SD = 3.3), and most had a college degree (57.7%), were employed part-time (52.6%), and lived at home with parents or family (44.3%). Their body mass index (BMI) categories varied; 36.5% were normal weight, 28.1% overweight, and 26.8% obese. Most participants (58.8%) had an accurate estimation of their BMI status (58.8%) and were unsatisfied with their body image (64.9%). On average, participants perceived a moderate risk of cardiometabolic disease, believed family and culture had a moderate influence on their diet, and had moderate intentions to eat healthy in the next 3 months. The regression model did not explain dietary intake but significantly explained 29% of the variance in their intentions to eat healthy, with self-efficacy and being unsatisfied with their body image identified as significant predictors. Overweight and obesity were prevalent in this convenience sample of young, mostly college-educated AA women, and they associated weight with cardiometabolic disease risk and had moderate intentions to eat healthy. Findings indicate an opportunity to intervene with this population utilizing self-efficacy and body image satisfaction, which may motivate behavior change. Further research should examine these factors in greater depth, along with other variables that may more fully explain dietary intentions and actual intake.

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2025-12-05
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African American Women Dietary Intake Body Image Perception Body Image Satisfaction Disease Risk Perceptions
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James, Chuntiel. "Disease Risk Perceptions, Culture, Body Image, and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Dietary Intake in Young African American Women." PhD diss., Georgia State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.57709/79hj-0987
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