Cryptocurrency has expanded opportunities for rapid, decentralized, and cross-border financial exchange, but it has also created new challenges for agencies responding to cyber-enabled fraud. Among the most harmful forms of such fraud is online romance fraud, in which offenders build emotional relationships with victims and later manipulate them into sending money. This thesis explores how cryptocurrency shapes the enforcement of online romance fraud and related cyber-enabled financial crime in Nigeria and the United States. The study uses an exploratory pilot design grounded in qualitative comparative case study methods. Data were drawn from documentary analysis and ten semi-structured interviews with law-enforcement, investigative, intelligence, and compliance professionals. Documentary sources included enforcement reports, regulatory guidance, policy materials, and public records from both countries. Interview participants in Nigeria were drawn from the Nigeria Police Force and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission. U.S.-based participants contributed broader perspectives on cryptocurrency investigations, tracing, and regulatory coordination, although they did not directly work cryptocurrency romance-fraud cases. Five major themes emerged. First, cryptocurrency tracing is possible but attribution remains difficult because wallet addresses are pseudonymous and funds can move quickly across multiple platforms. Second, institutional capacity, including access to tools, training, and specialized personnel, strongly shapes investigative effectiveness. Third, international cooperation is essential because victims, offenders, exchanges, and digital evidence frequently span multiple jurisdictions. Fourth, the Nigerian material shows that romance-fraud operations often involve organized networks using sustained emotional manipulation to obtain repeated payments. Fifth, enforcement outcomes are influenced by financial-intelligence capabilities and regulatory coordination. Overall, the findings suggest that cryptocurrency intensifies the complexity of fraud investigations while also creating new opportunities for blockchain-based tracing. The study offers preliminary comparative insight into enforcement practice and highlights the need for stronger institutional capacity, clearer regulatory coordination, and improved cross-border collaboration. Keywords: cryptocurrency-enabled fraud, online romance fraud, cybercrime enforcement, financial crime investigation, digital assets, transnational fraud.