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Colorectal Cancer – Evolving Epidemiology and Health Inequities

Patel, Sahil
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Abstract

Objective: Early-onset colorectal cancer has been on the rise since the 1990s in the United States with no explanation. The aim of the scoping review is to create a deeper understanding of the increased incidence of early onset colon cancer among young adults, including the associated racial and ethnic disparities. The objective will be to provide evidence-based recommendations to both policy and practice based on current understanding of EOCRC and associated inequities. Methods: A systematic search was done on 3 databases (PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL) that ranged from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2024 using key terms in specific search phrases. Primary literature that examined epidemiology and etiology factors were included. Results: 51 articles were included for the review. Race/ethnicity, age, gender, and geographic disparities showed variance in epidemiology and etiology. Findings show that Black race/ethnicity, patients in older age, males, and the South contributed to EOCRC incidence. Lower age led to worse survival and higher mortality along with clinicopathologic differences. For etiology risk and socioeconomic factors had no notable differences compared to LOCRC. Genetic variance was seen in different race/ethnic groups but Blacks were observed as a risk factor. Older age and male gender were associated risk factors. Hot spots of EOCRC experienced lower education, income, and rurality. Conclusions: Overall, early onset colorectal cancer has become a major public health concern. As the incidence of EOCRC continues to increase at an alarming rate, clinical and practical guidelines must be updated to respond to the trend.

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Date
2026-01-09
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Keywords
colorectal neoplasm, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, young adult, early-onset, young-onset, under age 50
Citation
Patel, Sahil. "Colorectal Cancer – Evolving Epidemiology and Health Inequities." Capstone, Georgia State University, 2026. https://doi.org/10.57709/11
Embargo Lift Date
2026-12-16
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