Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2005
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: During January-June 2004, an aflatoxicosis outbreak in eastern Kenya resulted in 317 cases and 125 deaths. We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for contamination of implicated maize and, for the first time, quantitated biomarkers associated with acute aflatoxicosis.
DESIGN: We administered questionnaires regarding maize storage and consumption and obtained maize and blood samples from participants.
PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 40 case-patients with aflatoxicosis and 80 randomly selected controls to participate in this study.
EVALUATIONS/MEASUREMENTS: We analyzed maize for total aflatoxins and serum for aflatoxin B1-lysine albumin adducts and hepatitis B surface antigen. We used regression and survival analyses to explore the relationship between aflatoxins, maize consumption, hepatitis B surface antigen, and case status.
RESULTS: Homegrown (not commercial) maize kernels from case households had higher concentrations of aflatoxins than did kernels from control households [geometric mean (GM) = 354.53 ppb vs. 44.14 ppb; p = 0.04]. Serum adduct concentrations were associated with time from jaundice to death [adjusted hazard ratio = 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.6]. Case patients had positive hepatitis B titers [odds ratio (OR) = 9.8; 95% CI, 1.5-63.1] more often than controls. Case patients stored wet maize (OR = 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2-10.3) inside their homes (OR = 12.0; 95% CI, 1.5-95.7) rather than in granaries more often than did controls.
CONCLUSION: Aflatoxin concentrations in maize, serum aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct concentrations, and positive hepatitis B surface antigen titers were all associated with case status.
RELEVANCE: The novel methods and risk factors described may help health officials prevent future outbreaks of aflatoxicosis.
Recommended Citation
Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Lindblade, K., Gieseker, K., Schurz Rogers, H., Kieszak, S., Njapau, H., Schleicher, R., McCoy, L.F., Misore, A., DeCock, K., Rubin, C., Laurence Slutsker, L. & the Aflatoxin Investigative Group. (2005). Case-control study of an acute aflatoxicosis outbreak, Kenya, 2004. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(12), 1779–1783. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8384
Comments
This article was originally published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.
Please note: Two errors in this article were corrected in Errata. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(2), A90.