Author ORCID Identifier

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-8825

Date of Award

12-2024

Degree Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Public Health (MPH)

Department

Public Health

First Advisor

Dr. Gerardo Chowell

Second Advisor

Dr. Ruiyan Luo

Third Advisor

Amanda Bleichrodt

Abstract

Pneumonia continues to be a major health issue worldwide, especially impacting those at-risk across various age categories. By incorporating comprehensive modeling techniques, this study addresses the pressing need for accurate global pneumonia mortality forecasting across age demographics to inform evidence-based interventions and policymaking. This study employs forecasting models, including Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Models (ARIMA), Generalized Additive Models (GAM), Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Facebook's Prophet Model (Prophet), and the n-sub-epidemic framework, to predict pneumonia mortality trends. Data from 1990 through 2019 were used for calibration, with predictive forecasts extending through 2030. The percent change in pneumonia deaths from 2020 to 2030 along with model uncertainty were assessed for all model forecasts. Global trends revealed a consistent rise in pneumonia mortality among individuals aged ≥70 years, a gradual increase in ages 50–69, while those under 5 showed a decline. The n-sub-epidemic model predicts a decrease in mortality for ages 15–49 and 5–14, contrasting with statistical models showing increasing trends among ages 15–49. The consistency of forecasting trends across models validates the study's findings and indicates their adaptability to different epidemiological contexts.

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Available for download on Friday, December 12, 2025

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