Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of oropharyngeal cancer that is increasing in incidence over the last decades. However, little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection. Using complex data and HPV testing results from 4724 adults collected through National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014), we estimated the prevalence of oral HPV and evaluated risk factors associated with HPV infection. The oral HPV prevalence was 7.18% for any types and 4.5% for high-risk types in adults aged 18-69 years. The prevalence varied significantly by age, demographic characteristics, and sexual history. Multiple factors including age, gender, and sexual history were identified as risk factors for oral HPV infection. Prevalence of HPV was higher in men (11.1%) than in women (3.3%). Several characteristics, including race, tobacco and alcohol use, and education, were identified as risk modifiers for HPV infection among men and women.