This thesis explores the relationship between President Jimmy Carter’s administration (1977-1981) and Brazil’s military regime, which was led by two generals, President Ernesto Geisel (1974-1979) and President João Figueiredo (1979-1985). Illuminating the risks that Washington takes as it implements foreign policies without considering the political landscape abroad, this work argues that Carter’s foreign policy failed in the relationship with Brazil. It undermined the diplomatic dialogue and negotiation with the largest economy in Latin America, irritated Brazilians from all parts of the political spectrum, and failed to achieve improvements in human rights.