The main aim of this study is to explore the effects of risk factors contributing to death in the elderly American population. To achieve this purpose, we constructed Cox proportional hazard regression models and logistic regression models with the complex survey dataset from the national Second Longitudinal Study of Aging (LSOA II) to calculate the hazard ratios (HR)/odds ratios (OR) and confidence interval (CI) of risk factors. Our results show that in addition to chronic disease conditions, many risk factors, such as demographic factors (gender and age), social factors (interaction with friends or relatives), personal health behaviors (smoking and exercise), and biomedical factors (Body mass index and emotional factors) have significant effects on death in the elderly American population. This will provide important information for elderly people to prolong lifespan regardless of whether they have chronic disease/diseases or not.