The use of e-cigarettes among youth is associated with believing that e-cigarettes are safer than cigarettes, help people quit smoking, and don’t have any or just limited amounts of nicotine. The landscape of the e-cigarette market, prevalence of use among youth, and risk awareness have changed significantly. This project will use the latest available nationally representative data (from 2023) to give an up-to-date look at what U.S. middle school and high school students think about e-cigarette harm. This study will describe the current relationship between perceived harm of e-cigarette use and reported use among U.S. adolescents and young adults (AYAs). This project will also assess whether this relationship differs by race to add to evidence on the racial disparities in e-cigarette use among U.S. youth.